MEDIEVAL INTELLECTUAL HISTORY

"High Middle Ages": c1100-1300 (Marked by stable society, increased population, and economic, intellectual, technological growth. Rise of an aristocratic class)

1095-99 First Crusade; first emergence of a unified "European consciousness"

1099 Crusaders take Jerusalem

1122 Concordat of Worms (frees church from secular tutelage)

1122-23 Peter Abelard (born 1079) writes Sic et Non

1123 First Lateran Council

1125-1153 St. Bernard's career at Clairvaux and virtual domination of western church

1126-1151 At Toledo, Dominicus Gundissalinus and others begin translating Islamic and Judaic writings into Latin (from Spanish translations)

c1130 Abelard writes Scito teipsum (Know Thyself) (dies, 1142)

1137 Hildegard of Bingen becomes Abbess at Disibodenberg

1139 Second Lateran Council

c1140 Concordantia discordantium canonum or Decretum Gratiani (Decrees written by Gratian) written by Gratian at Bologna

1158 First Charter of the University of Bologna

1159 John of Salisbury writes Metalogicon and Policratus (addressed to Thomas Becket)

1170 founding of the University of Paris

1179 Third Lateran Council

1187 Saladin (Salah ad-Din) of Egypt unites the Moslems and takes back Jerusalem

1190 Moses Maimonides (born 1135) finishes Guide for the Perplexed

1198 Averroes (Ibn Rushd) (of Cordoba, born 1126) dies

1198-1215 Papacy of Innocent III (beginning of "Pontifical Theocracy")

1204 Maimonides dies

1207 Francis of Assisi (1182-1226) disowns himself of his patrimony; founds the Fransicans

1215 First Statutes for the University of Paris

1215 Fourth Lateran Council; King John signs the Magna Carta; Robert Grosseteste made first chancellor of Oxford University

1216 St. Dominic (1171-1221) founds the Dominicans

1220 Frederick II crowned emperor by Pope Honorius III

1236 Cordoba falls, great Spanish Islamic center of learning

1245 First Council of Lyon; Frederick II deposed

1253-1257 St. Bonaventure (John Fidenza) is made master of the Franciscan School in Paris

1250 Frederick II dies; beginning of political collapse of Europe

1254 Albert the Great (1200-1280) begins commenting on the works of Aristotle, Boethius and Pseudo-Dionysius; Aquinas is one of his pupils/assistants

1256-59 Thomas Aquinas (b1224) a Regent Master at University of Paris

1259 Bonaventure writes "Journey of the Mind to God"

1260 Thomas begins the Summa Contra Gentiles (finished by 1267) and the Summa Theologiae (unfinished)

1266 Roger Bacon (b1214) finishes his Opus Maius ("Large Work")

1269-1272 Second term as Regent Master at Paris for Thomas

1270 Siger of Brabant (d1282) condemned for his Averroism

1274 Thomas Aquinas dies travelling to Second Council of Lyon

1276-1292 Henry of Ghent (1219-1293) teaching at Paris

1277 Condemnation of 1277 by bishop of Paris (many of Thomas' positions are officially condemned)

1278 Roger Bacon imprisoned (b1292, shortly after release)

1296 Last Crusade ends